Use armour on your legs and arms, you can still use your main robe and hood to increase your magicka, but it sounds like you should use regular armour and increase your heavy armour so you dont get smoked right away.
I went the opposite route, levelled up my one handed and two handed really high and just smithed weapons and enchanted them, I used magic but mainly Flames and Healing, but now I use firebolt and took all my armour off for this crazy Robe I found. Magicka spells cost 17% less and regenerates 100% faster. Im sure there are way better ones out there this is just the best I've found so far
I found for alchemy, instead of trying random combos hoping it works I eat one of the ingredients then it tells you what it does, go to an Alchemy table and it gives you combos, I don't really use poison, stamina, or freeze potions too much anyways.
Get a follower, you can carry way more shit and they help you in battles because they'll take on whoever your fighting and you can cast spells/shoot arrows from a distance. There is one in "The Drunken Hunter" in Whiterun. I had to hire her when Lydia died
. She got murked by a Dragon and normally, I would revert to a saved file but I hadn't saved in like 3 hours and every AUTO save she had already died, not a big deal though, I looted her body and took all my shit back, then gave it to the new follower I got.
Dragon bones and Scales are used for making Dragon armour once you get your smithing high enough.
First thing you should do is MAX out your smithing, it takes 5 minutes.