I am also from Germany. As mentioned before, if we are in pain we can go somewhere and almost always get an appointment that day. Some specialist, takes 2 to 8 weeks in my experience.
I don't know if that is available in other countries too, but I have this App called Doctolib, you can search every doctor there and check when they have time for an appointment. I just checked there and made an appointment at an Orthopedist in 2 days. So far I only heard good things about this App, so I am curious how that Orthopedist will be.