@LebowskisRug I absolutely do not have my timelines mixed up. What I'm saying is that Musa ruled over a kingdom that did, as you repeated, exist long before industrialized European powers colonized much of Africa and other parts of the world.
I'm also under the impression still that the concept of racial inferiority (as we know it, and as it was invented by white Europeans to justify turning slavery into a global business), did in fact
not exist as a motivator for the capture of slaves in 13th c. Africa. Rather, slavery occurred when competing ethnic or political groups were captured and taken as slaves. It is also my understanding that this form of slavery was far less brutal than the more modern incarnation we are so familiar with. I posted a quote in the other thread on UWTB that provides a comparison. Really though, as far as racism existing in other forms in premodern Africa, I could do some more learning, but it's my understanding that the concept was not used as the primary driving factor behind the capture of others for slavery. Again, not apologizing for this form of slavery, just differentiating it from the form we are all a but more historically closer to.
My knowledge also comes from time spent studying at university and then developing a curriculum to teach about the subject. I'm pretty confident I have it straight, but I'm always happy to learn, so please share with me some actual sources refuting what I've said and I'll consider them.
I'm pretty certain the Mongols, as led by Ghengis Khan and following rulers, never successfully invaded Africa, so I'm not sure what you're saying. Khan also ruled close to a hundred years before Musa, so if anything you need to double check your timelines.